Veteran striker Wayne Allison equalised with the Spireites' only effort on target in the entire match after Paul Heffernan had fired Rovers in front.
Doncaster set a terrific tempo to the game with Heffernan and his strike partner Lewis Guy terrorising the defence with their movement and pace.
Heffernan went close in the fifth minute and Michael McIndoe fired over the top three minutes later as Rovers got on top right from the start.
Sean Thornton volleyed just over following a 19th minute corner before Chesterfield managed their first attempt at goal a minute later when a shot from new on loan signing Jamie O'Hara was deflected over top by Graeme Lee.
James Coppinger cut inside from the left only to see a cracking effort deflected as Doncaster continued to set the pace.
Rovers' outstanding work rate deserved some reward and it came on the stroke of half-time when Heffernan broke the deadlock in brilliant style.
The Doncaster top scorer latched on to a pass from Sean McDaid and controlled the ball superbly before swivelling to hit a well directed shot into the bottom corner from the edge of the box.
Chesterfield edged their way into the game more as they got on top in midfield in the second half O'Hara and Sammy Clingan making their presence felt.
Allison equalised in the 63rd minute when he headed home in splendid style at the far post after substitute Colin Larkin had delivered a raking cross from the right.
But the visitors had keeper Barry Roche to thank for ensuring they held on to a point when he made a couple of magnificent saves from Heffernan and Guy in the closing stages.
Doncaster had appeals for a penalty waved aside when Guy was sent tumbling in the closing stages and despite their efforts they had to settle for a point.